Surge in this case is referring the rapid movement of water during hard corninging or abrupt speed changes within the confines of the water tank. This may cause temporary starvation of the water going into the pump. Without water the pump speeds up due to lighter payload. But as soon as the water suuply is restored, the oversped pump puts a pressure spike into the system and line pressure fluctuates violently.
The surge arrestor keeps the line pressure relatively constant by supply a small amount of pressurised water to fill in the surging period.
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Richard L
aquamist technical support
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